GARA: The Air Force's Avionics Integration Reference Architecture
Part of the Open Architecture Field Guide. All information is derived from unclassified, publicly releasable (Distribution A) sources.
GARA, the Government Reference Architecture for avionics, gives Air Force programs a common way to apply open standards on a platform. It does not define new specifications; it references existing ones, chiefly OMS and FACE, and provides the connective guidance that ties them together. It is owned by AFLCMC's Open Architecture Management Office (OAMO).
What it does
Open standards for avionics already exist. OMS defines a mission-system abstraction layer, FACE defines portable software, and several hardware standards define the boxes. The gap has been how a program applies them together on one aircraft, consistently, across both new and old platforms.
GARA fills that gap. It is a reference for using the existing standards rather than a new standard of its own. It gives a program the touch points between OMS, FACE, and the rest, so that avionics built by different vendors on different platforms end up interoperable.
Two paths onto the architecture
GARA describes a two-architecture strategy. A new platform can be "born open," designed from the start against the open standards. An older platform can be modernized toward open incrementally, replacing closed elements with compliant ones over time. The same reference covers both, which lets a legacy fleet and a new program move toward the same end state on different schedules.
Where it sits
GARA is one of the Air Force's Government Reference Architectures, alongside A-GRA for autonomy, AMS-GRA for mission systems, and W-GRA for weapons. These are separate architectures owned by different offices.
One point clears up a common confusion. GARA is owned by OAMO. Big Iron, the electronic-warfare architecture, is owned by AFLCMC/WA and was integrated into AMS-GRA, not GARA. The two are frequently grouped together in planning material, but GARA does not contain Big Iron.
Where this fits
- AMS-GRA: The Air Force's Modular Mission-Systems Reference Architecture — the mission-systems architecture that absorbed Big Iron
- A-GRA: The Air Force's Autonomy Reference Architecture — the autonomy architecture in the same family
- Big Iron: The Air Force's Open Architecture for Electronic Warfare — the EW architecture often mistakenly placed under GARA
- Open Mission Systems (OMS): The Mission-System Abstraction Layer — one of the standards GARA applies
- FACE: The Standard for Portable Avionics Software — the software-portability standard GARA applies
FAQ
- Is GARA a new standard?
- No. GARA references and applies existing open standards, chiefly OMS and FACE. It does not define new specifications of its own.
- Does GARA contain Big Iron?
- No. Big Iron is owned by a different office (AFLCMC/WA) and was integrated into AMS-GRA. GARA is owned by OAMO.
- What does 'born open' mean?
- A platform designed against the open standards from the start, as opposed to a legacy platform modernized toward them over time.
Sources
- Government Reference Architectures — DAF Digital Transformation Office
- The FACE Technical Standard — The Open Group
- OMS standard documentation — AFLCMC / Open Architecture Collaborative Working Group